What are the narrative techniques used by Tennyson in “Mariana”

Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem, Mariana, follows the story of a jilted woman from Shakespeare’s â€Å"Measure for Measure.† The epigraph of the poem â€Å"Mariana in the moted grange† is taken from a reference of this play, and the narrative techniques within the poem combined with the context of the isolation of the character give us an insight into the melancholy that not only the character of Mariana feels, but perhaps also Tennyson himself. Arguably the most prominent narrative technique used by Tennyson is the imagery within the powm which is an outward manifestation of Mariana’s inward melancholy.The monotonous â€Å"glooming flats† outside of her house reflect her life; she is going nowhere now that she has been jilted and apparently has no wish to! In addition to this, images of isolation prevail throughout the poem, â€Å"The lonely moated grange†. This further adds to the belief that Mariana is cut off from the vibrancy of human life. Tennyson is particularly clever with this narrative technique; giving the description of an inanimate object, such as the â€Å"moated grange† using an human emotion, it allows the reader to reflect this feeling onto the character of Mariana, which further gives insight to the solitude that her character is feeling.The imagery throughout is of vital importance, due to the fact that we learn nothing of the physical appearance of her, yet the bleak desolation of the landscape which she lives in allows the reader to project this image onto her character and gives an insight towards the inner turmoil and isolation that the character is feeling. In addition, the image of decay is one of the most obvious forms of imagery throughout, and further reflects the fact that Mariana’s life is wasting away waiting for a man. . The quotation:â€Å"With blackest moss the flower plots, Were thickly crusted one and all.†suggests the idea that the melancholy Mariana has been feeling has not been a short term thing. The fact that the usually green moss has turned black raises the question that Mariana may be wallowing, and perhaps even enjoying her melancholy, due to the fact that it highlights the amount of time she has been in such a state. This quotation further shows the contrast between what her life could have been, and how she is living now. The mention of â€Å"flower-plots† indicates that her life could have been flourishing and filled with colour, if she allowed it to be so, yet it is simply dark and  bleak. This imagery of colour is entwined throughout the verses, with consistent references to â€Å"blacken’d waters† and â€Å"the rounding gray†.A startling piece of imagery which contrasts this darkness is the â€Å"poplar tree† with â€Å"silver green†¦gnarled bark† This is a dominant image throughout the poem, and has been interpreted to be a phallic image of the man who abandoned Mariana, an d is continuing to haunt her life even after he has left. This interestingly reflects the attitudes of the time. Throughout Tennyson’s poetry there are examples of feminism, and critique of the attitudes towards woman at the time. This reflects the Victorian idea that a woman can only be complete with a man in her life, and the life of a woman without a husband is â€Å"dreary†.The sheer melancholy within the poem could perhaps be a further jibe from Tennyson about society at this time, indicating that he believes that the idea that women should live like Mariana if they don’t have a husband is utter nonsense. A further technique used by Tennyson to tell the story within â€Å"Mariana† is the use of the structure. The verse structure â€Å"abab cddc efef† is almost encircling, with the central quatrain having a rhyming couplet in the middle, such asâ€Å"And wild winds bound within their cell, The shadow of the poplar fell†This emphasises th e psychological constraints of Mariana’s depression and depicts further the stasis of her life. The couplet in the middle is trapped, unable to escape due to the constraining verses, which clearly reflects the attitude that Mariana has to life. In addition to this, the verse form is unique to Tenyson and does not follow the traditional verse forms of other poetry, further adding to the idea that Mariana feels alone in life, and that there is nobody that is able to sympathise with her situation. Tennyson uses other language techniques such as onomatopoeia develop the story of â€Å"Mariana†, and is further used to reflect her character. The most brilliant example of this is;â€Å"The doors upon their hinges creak’d; The blue fly sung in the pane; the mouse Behind the mouldering wainscot shriek’d†The density of the onomatopoeia within this section suggests nightmarish and crazy sounds, and screams of despair, and create, as Ebbatson phrased â€Å"a landscape of inertia and loss†, which correlates with the emotions of the character. Furthermore, this quotation offers a stark contrast to the rest of the poem. Tennyson uses powerful words such as â€Å"shriek’d† and â€Å"creak’d† which are a harsh difference to the rest of the poem, which is mainly compiled of inactive verbs such as â€Å"fell†. The abundance of inactive verbs throughout the poem further reflects Mariana’s idleness, and really emphasises the onomatopoeia within this verse to reflect the dramatic sounds made from outside. Pathetic fallacy is a further narrative technique;â€Å"And wild winds bound within their cell,†This is another example of the way Tennyson uses the surroundings to reflect character; Mariana’s consciousness is really a wild wind, but she chooses to keep it imprisoned and â€Å"trapped within their cell†, adding to the perception that she is actually enjoying her melancholy. Th e alliteration of â€Å"wild winds† consequently accentuates the mayhem of her consciousness, and gives the reader further insight into the character. A final technique used by Tennyson is repetition, which is present throughout the poe,. Perhaps the most obvious form of repetition is the refrain, which is repeated at the end of each verse;â€Å"She only said, ‘My life is dreary He cometh not’ she said: She said, ‘I am aweary, aweary, I would that I were dead!†The fact that this is at the end of it gives an insight into the monotony of Mariana’s life, yet it also has an effect of creating annoyance towards the character of Mariana. Evidently as this is the only thing that she can say, it may appear that she is wallowing in her sadness, and further adds to the impression that Tennyson gives off throughout the poem about the feminist aspect. The use of direct speech within this refrain is the only part in the poem where we get a direct view of M ariana. It is therefore more immediate than the rest of the devices used to describe her character in the poem, and could perhaps evoke sympathy. However, it is not only the refrain which is repeated.The repetition of feminine rhymes such as â€Å"dreary/aweary† reflect  the feminine nature of the character, and the drawn out nature of these words and the unstressed syllable at the end reflect the languorous nature of the poem and create an effect of infinite weariness. Furthermore, the dramatic change of the final two lines of the refrain in the last stanza offers perhaps the only change to the stasis of the poem, which is a further narrative technique, and the final line â€Å"Oh God that I were dead!† shows that Mariana has come to the decision that she is fed up of living a lfe of shadows and nothingness.In summary, Tennyson uses an abundance of narrative techniques to tell the story of Mariana. Whilst it is essentially a poem of stasis, the methods such as image ry and repetition cleverly give the reader a deeper insight into the character featured in the poem, and have an interesting message about Victorian society concealed within them.

Inventory and Nestle

About Nestle Nestle is a multinational packaged foods company founded and headquartered in Vevey Switzerland. it is the world`s foremost Nutrition. Health & Wellness Company committed serving consumers all over the world. Their focus on responsible nutrition and promoting heaLth and wellness is a core value, emphasizing responsibility and sustainability. Nestle products are sold in almost every country in the world. MISSION STATEMENT Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day. Throughout their lives, throughout the world.With our unique experience of anticipating consumers’ needs and creating solutions. Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life. † COST ACCOUBTING INFORMATION SYSTEM OF NESTLE INPUT MEASUREMENT BASIS STANDARD COSTING Nestle is using STANDARD COSTING as a base for input measurement Standard costs are usually associated with a company’s costs of direct material, direct labor, and manufa cturing overhead. Rather than assigning the actual costs of direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead to a product, nestle’ like many manufacturers assigns the expected or standard cost.This means that its inventories and cost of goods sold will began with amounts reflecting the standard costs, nor the actual costs, of a product Nestle’, of course still has to pay the actual costs. As a result there almost always differences between the actual costs and the standard costs, and those differences are known as variances, REASON FOR USING STANDARD COSTING Nestle is currently using Standard costing method because the related variances are valuable management tool. If a variance arises, management becomes aware that manufacturing costs have differed from the standard (planned. xpected) costs. †¢ If actual costs are greater than standard costs the variance is unfavorable. An unfavorable variance tells nestle’ management that if everything else stay s constant the company`s actual profit will be less than planned. †¢ If actual costs are less than standard costs the variance is favorable. A favorable variance tells management that if everything else stays constant the actual profit will likely exceed the planned profit. The sooner that the accounting system reports a variance, the sooner that Nestle management can direct its attention to the difference from the planned accounts.DIRECT MATERIALS USAGE VARIANCE Under a standard costing system. Production and inventories are reported at the standard cost—including the standard quantity of direct materials that should have been used to make the products. If the manufacturer actually uses more direct materials than the standard quantity of materials for the products actually manufactured, the company will have an unfavorable direct materials usage variance, If the quantity of direct materials actually used is less than the standard quantity for the products produced, the company will have a favorable usage variance.The amount of a favorable and unfavorable variance is recorded in a General ledger account Direct Materials Usage Variance. (Alternative account titles include Direct Materials Quantity Variance or Direct Materials Efficiency Variance. ) Lets demonstrate this variance with the following information. Direct Labor: Standard Cost. Rate Variance, Efficiency Variance Direct labor refers to the work done by those employees who aciually make the product on the production line. (â€Å"Indirect labor† is work done by employees who work in the production area. but do not work on the production line.Examples include employees who set up & maintain the equipment. ) Unlike direct materials (which are obtained prior o being used) direct Labor is obtained and used at the same time, This means that for any given good output, we can compute the direct labor rate variance. The direct labor efficiency variance, and the standard direct labor cost at t he same time. Variable Mfg Overhead: Standard Cost, Spending Variance, Efficiency Variance Manufacturing overhead costs† refer to any costs within a manufacturing facility other than direct material and direct labor.Manufacturing overhead includes such things as indirect labor, indirect materials (such as manufacturing supplies), utilities, quality control, material handling, and depreciation on the manufacturing equipment and facilities. â€Å"Variable† manufacturing overhead costs will increase in total as output increases. Fixed Mfg Overhead: Standard Cost, Budget Variance, Volume Variance â€Å"Fixed† manufacturing overhead costs remain the same in total even though the volume of production may increase by a modest amount. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIANCESIf the direct labor is not efficient at producing the good output, there will be an unfavorable labor efficiency variance. That inefficiency will likely cause additional variable manufacturing overhead—r esulting in an unfavorable variable manufacturing overhead efficiency variance. If these inefficiencies are significant, it is possible that the company may not be able to produce enough good output to absorb the planned fixed manufacturing overhead—resulting in an unfavorable fixed manufacturing overhead volume variance. TREATMENT OF VARIANCESThe treatment of variances follows these guidelines: If the variance amount is very small (insignificant relative to the company’s net Income), simply put the entire amount on the income statement. If the variance amount is unfavorable, increase the cost of goods sold—thereby reducing net income. If the variance amount is favorable, decrease the cost of goods sold—thereby increasing net income. If the variance is unfavorable, significant in amount, and results from mistakes or inefficiencies, the variance amount can never be added to any inventory or asset account.These unfavorable variance amounts go directly to th e income statement and reduce the company`s net income. If the variance is unfavorable significant in amount and results from standard costs not being realistic, allocate the variance to the company’s inventory accounts and cost of goods sold. The allocation should follow the standard costs of the inputs from which the variances arose. If the variance amount is favorable and significant in amount, allocate the variance to the company`s inventories and its cost of goods sold. INVENTORY VALUATION METHOD ACTIVITY BASED COSTINGActivity based costing (ABC) assigns manufacturing overhead costs to products in a more logical manner than the traditional approach of simply allocating costs on the basis of machine hours. Activity based costing first assigns costs to the activities that are the real cause of the overhead. It then assigns the cost of those activities only to the products that are actually demanding the activities. IMPLEMENTATION OF ABC IN NESTLE Nestle company is using ac tivity based costing method for inventory valuation. Firstly they identify all activities that use resources.Cost pools are set up for each of the activities identified. They assign overhead costs to the cost pools based on a cost driver. Cost pools are used to assign costs. Costs are assigned to its, batches, or products. REASON FOR USING ACTIVITY BASED COSTING Nestle is currently using ABC techniques because it helps it in determining accurate product cost. Complex companies Like Nestle may see the most benefit from this type of costing because it is most helpful when the costing information is difficult to understand or evaluate.ABC provides information to Nestle regarding processes that should be improved and the products or services that are contributing the most to company’s profitability, ABC system also helps Nestle in knowing what are the factors that contribute most to cost, which in turn assists management in choosing best alternative in reducing overall costs incu rred by the Nestle Company. ABC system can be the best tool to be utilized in implementing environmental accounting at the firm level. COST ACCUMULATION METHODNestle is using process costing method. It is a costing system in which the cost of a product or service is obtained by assigning costs to masses of lake or similar units and then computing unit costs on an average basis. Process costing averages the costs over all units to come to the per unit cost. In Nestle. Direct material and direct labor costs are tracked by department, and are assigned evenly to the products that pass through each department. Overhead costs are applied to each department and are assigned evenly to each product.Multiple WIP accounts are used one for every process. As products are moved from one process to another, the costs of the previous process are transferred to the next process. Five steps are involved in Nestles process costing method firstly it summarizes the flow of physical units of output. Seco ndly, computes output in terms of equivalent units, Thirdly, computes equivalent unit costs. Fourthly, summarizes total costs to account for. And at the end, they assign total costs to units completed and to units in ending work in process inventory.REASON FOR USING PROCESS COSTING Process-costing used in Nestle because it broadens the economics of quality by classifying cost of non-conformance and cost of conformance i. e. â€Å"costs incurred when a process is running without failure. It also allows Nestle tracking and reduction of costs normally associated with efficiency in addition to effectiveness (quality)†. COST FLOW ASSUMPTION FIFO In Cost flows assumption. Nestle is using FIFO method. FWO is an acronym for First In, First Out.A method of valuating the cost of goods sold that uses the cost of the oldest items in inventory first What comes in first is handled first what comes in next waits until the first is finished. Etc. REASON FOR USING FIFO Nestle is using FIFO as cost flow assumption for its products. Because most of its products are perishable and they have short expiry date. Nestle also believe in tax minimization. For taxation purposes, FIFO assumes that the assets that ate renaming in inventory are matched to the assets that are most recently purchased or produced.Because of this assumption, there are number of tax minimization strategies associated with using the FIfo asset-management and valuation method. Due to this reason, Nestle is using FIFO method as a cost flow. FWO gives Nestle a better indication of the value of ending the inventory on the balance sheet. One of the reasons for using FIFO method by Nestle is the increasing rate of inflation. Because of this, Nestle uses FIFO inventory accounting in order to make their balance sheet look better. RECORDING INTERVAL CAPABILITYInventory records can be maintained on a perpetual or a periodic basis In the past manufacturers tended to keep perpetual inventories, while retailers used t he periodic method. However, today a variety of point of sale devices and dedicated microcomputer software are readily available to provide any company with perpetual inventory capability. NESTLE’S METHOD Nestle is Currently using perpetual method for maintaining the inventory records because this method provides the company with real time and true inventory information.To record purchases, the periodic system debits the Purchases account while the perpetual system debits the Merchandise Inventory account. To record sales, the perpetual system requires an extra entry to debit the Cost of goods sold and credit Merchandise Inventory. By recording the cost of goods sold (or each sale, the perpetual inventory system lessens the need for adjusting entries and calculation of the goods sold at the end of a financial period, both of which the periodic inventory system requires.The reasons for which Nestle is using perpetual method rather than periodic inventory method is that †¢ By using perpetual method Nestle can determine their COGS and profit or loss after every sale unlike periodic, in which you get profit or loss at the end of the period. †¢ Nestle has preferred perpetual system because it is a realistic double entry system while periodic is arbitrary. †¢ The company can watch the inventory more closely using this method because whenever there is an increment and decrement inventory, some other account like profit loss must be debited or credited. And in the perpetual system stock loss gain is immediately noticed and not at the end of year when the physical count of the inventory is taken The advantages that Nestle has got due to the use of the perpetual inventory system, is a high degree of control, it aids in the management of proper inventory levels, and physical inventories can be easily compared. Whenever a shortage (Le. a missing or stolen good) is discovered, the Inventory Shortages account should be debited.

Of Mice and Men Quotes

The following Of Mice and Men quotes represent some of the most significant elements of the novel, including the themes of nature, strength, and dreams. Additionally, Steinbecks use of vernacular language and colloquial dialects is evident in many of these passages. A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. On one side of the river the golden foothill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilan Mountains, but on the valley side the water is lined with trees—willows fresh and green with every spring, carrying in their lower leaf junctures the debris of the winter’s flooding; and sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs and branches that arch over the pool. This passage, which serves as the novels opener, establishes from the very beginning the importance of land and nature to the text—specifically, an idealized version of nature. The river runs â€Å"deep and green,† the water is â€Å"warm,† the sands are â€Å"yellow†¦in the sunlight,† the foothills â€Å"golden,† the mountains â€Å"strong,† and the willows â€Å"fresh and green. Each adjective is positive and healthy. Taken together, these descriptions create a romanticized image of the natural world. The passage suggests that the natural world is epic and powerful, the animals and plants living blissfully and peacefully according to their natural rhythms, coming and going as they please, untouched by man’s destructive hand. â€Å"There is a path through the willows and among the sycamores, a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungle-up near water. In front of the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore there is an ash pile made by many fires; the limb is worn smooth by men who have sat on it.† Untouched, that is, until the beginning of the second paragraph, when into this scene come â€Å"boys,† and â€Å"tramps,† who wreak all manner of havoc on this natural scene. The path through the willows soon becomes a â€Å"path beaten hard as the men walk all over it, ruining it of its proper tenderness. There is an â€Å"ash pile by many fires,† which suggests more harm to the landscape, both in that it implies the area is well-traveled, as well as because fires are damaging to the ground upon which they burn. Moreover, these frequent visits have â€Å"worn smooth† a tree limb that the men have used as a bench, deforming it. This paragraph introduces the uneasy balance, central to the novel, between an idealized version of the natural world and the actual version in which people live—in other words, the world of mice and the world of men. The more the world of men tries to attain or possess the world of mice, the more they harm it, and consequently the more they lose it. â€Å"That mouse ain’t fresh, Lennie; and besides, you’ve broke it pettin’ it. You get another mouse that’s fresh and I’ll let you keep it a little while.† This statement, made by George to Lennie, reveals Lennie’s gentle nature, as well as his inability to prevent his physical power from bringing destruction upon those smaller than him. Throughout the novel, Lennie is often seen petting soft objects, ranging from a mouse to a rabbit to a womans hair. In this particular passage, nothing of consequence comes of Lennies actions—he is simply touching a dead mouse. However, the moment foreshadows another scene: later in the novel, Lennie attempts to stroke Curleys wifes hair and accidentally breaks her neck in the process. Lennies unintended but inevitable acts of destruction serve as a metaphor for humanitys destructive nature. Despite our best laid plans, the novel suggests, humans cannot help but leave behind a ruinous wake. I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an’ that same damn thing in their heads. Hunderds of them. They come, and’ they quit an’ go on; an’ every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ‘em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Ever’body wants a little piece of lan’ I read plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It’s just in their head. They’re all the time talkin’ about it, but it’s just’ in their head.† In this speech, a farmhand named Crooks rejects Lennie’s notion that he and George will one day buy a piece of land and live off of it. Crooks claims that he has heard many people make these sort of claims before, but that none of them have ever come to fruition; rather, he says, â€Å"it’s just in their head.† This statement encapsulates Crooks’ (justified) skepticism about George and Lennie’s plan, as well as a deeper doubt about anyones ability to attain whatever idealized sanctuary they have envisioned for themselves. According to Crooks, â€Å"[n]obody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. Whether the dream is eternal spiritual salvation, or just a few acres to call your own, nobody can actually achieve it.  Ã‚   ‘We’ll have a cow,’ said George. ‘An’ we’ll have maybe a pig an’ chickens†¦an’ down the flat we’ll have a†¦little piece alfalfa—‘For the rabbits,’ Lennie shouted.‘For the rabbits,’ George repeated.‘And I get to tend the rabbits.’‘An’ you get to tend the rabbits.’Lennie giggled with happiness. â€Å"An’ live on the fatta the lan’.’ This exchange between George and Lennie takes place at the end of the novel. In it, the two characters describe for each other the farm they hope to live on one day. They plan to have rabbits, pigs, cows, chickens, and alfalfa, none of which they currently have access to on the barley farm. The dream of having their own farm is a refrain to which the pair often returns throughout the book. Lennie seems to believe the dream is realistic, even if currently out of reach, but for most of the book, it is unclear whether George shares that belief or simply considers it an idle fantasy that helps him get through the day. By the time this scene occurs, however, George is preparing to kill Lennie, and he clearly knows the farm dream will never become reality. Interestingly, even though they have had this conversation before, only now does George assent when Lennie asks him if they can have rabbits—a recurring symbol throughout the book—on the farm. Given that he is about to shoot Lennie, this juxtaposition implies that, for the characters of Of Mice and Men, the more they hope to attain in the real world, the further from it they must travel.

Criminology Essay Samples for Dummies

Criminology Essay Samples for Dummies How to Find Criminology Essay Samples Our content of criminology essays suggests the means by which the crimes are emerging in the modern world. As a consequence, a postmodern criminology perspective will probably arise. On the flip side, new theories, like the trait theory, which focused on psychological features of crime failed to take into account social facets. Among the big difficulties with classical criminology is it does not allow for extenuating circumstances. In criminology, examining why folks commit crime is essential in the continuing debate of how crime needs to be handled and prevented. Many students are facing the problem to get sufficient knowledge and data on the field of criminology. 14 Finally deviance may cause a social shift. The New Fuss About Criminology Essay Samples Control theories make a little bit more sense to me. '15 The Classical theory's major problem is the fact that it continually contradicts itself which contributes to various different troubles. In an effort to compare and assess the two, a succinct explanation is essential, as a way to understand just how they differ and combine on particular elements. You should find the most suitable resources for your essay along with patience when finding the most suitable inspiration to write. This essay is likely to end up being 300 to 600 words, so in case you pick solid examples and make sure you're very clear in your explanations of things, it won't difficult to reach. Media sensationalism may often be a catalyst for fear and panic. As stated by the theory, some crime could possibly be related to the presence of anger and frustration that is produced by societal or private strain. Political crimes are committed when folks think that violence is the sole means accessible to generate political shift. Top Criminology Essay Samples Choices For instance, the price of a persuasive essay will differ from a proposal essay. It's clear it is important to see the theories within crimi nology to comprehend what criminology is. If you do choose to employ a writer to do your essay that's best for you, you can see them writing it in real moment. What's crucial to highlight is that convict criminology is thought to be a controversial perspective. From that point, the crime and the individual in addition to witnesses have to be interview or interrogate. The Basics of Criminology Essay Samples Also, utilize all the scratch paper you require. When picking a high school essay format, step one is to spot the kind of essay you will need to write. The price generally fluctuates based on the essay type. Imagine the caliber of writing you'll receive from an affordable essay writing service. Disadvantages of choosing an affordable essay service Quality If you're opting for cheaper service, remember that it might not be up to the mark. Summary Hiring an inexpensive essay service may be a proper selection for students at one time crunch. The Most Popular Criminology Essay Samples Our reviews contain details like the score of the clients, our rating, starting prices, Discounts, and grade of the papers. Each sector of the application ought to be in tandem with your general objective. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to prevent low superior services. Once you opted to find a service that has the capability to write essay for money, you should upload the essential information and fill in the purchase form.

JJT Task 1 Social Responsibility - 4418 Words

1 JJT Task 1 – Social Responsibility Strategies 2 A small business, which shall be named for the purposes of this report SE Construction, will be reviewed in relationship to social responsibility in a business. In the corporate world this is called â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)†. Corporate Social Responsibility â€Å"generally refers to the idea that corporations have broader responsibilities to society than merely maximizing shareholder value. Corporate sustainability is a specific framework for defining those responsibilities. One can think of a sustainable business as one that generates profits for its owners, protects the environment, and improves the lives of the people with whom it interacts† (MindEdge Inc.,†¦show more content†¦Another benefit is creating a competitive advantage by passing on suggestions for value engineering and energy efficiency to future customers. From this assessment, the company can determine specific areas in company operations where the company can be environmentally responsible and set goals accordingly. This vision or code of conduct can then be passed on to the employees with expectations for participation and implementation. The second recommendation is that a waste management plan become part of the day to day operations of the company within the office and all construction activities on all projects. The company has been required to provide a waste management plan for two construction projects over the past 3 years. These plans included a recycling/reuse percentage goal for the project, a list of the types of materials and waste that would be generated by the project, what types of recycling, reuse, or disposal methods would be used and what vendors would be used to fulfill the waste management goals included in the plan. By implementing a waste management plan for all company operations the company isn’t just being socially responsible in this area due to a contractual requirement, the company is making a commitment to always be socially responsible by managing waste in an environmentally responsible manner. The plan preparation

Computers R Us Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Computers R Us Case Study ? Answer : Introduction Computers R Us is a National Electronics Company that manufactures and retails computers. The company deals with electronics devices such as computers among other electronics like phones and tablets. There are a variety of services that the firm provides including hardware and software installation, data recovery, replacement of different computer hardware parts, and installation of anti-virus. Recently, the company started a Customer Service division that has a pivotal role in ensuring that all orders are accurately recorded, goods are distributed to the correct address, and phones answered - including all customer orders being taken and the goods sold correctly invoiced. However, the new division is experiencing several problems that include the lack of trained technical staff, unavailability of some computer parts, and an unreliable courier service. As a result, there has been several complaints raised by customers against the kind of customer service they get (Zeithaml, Parasuraman, Berry, 1990). Based on the complaints, it is evident that Computers R Us are experiencing a shortage of technical operators who are trained in the customer service. Additionally, the courier contracted to deliver and pick up computers among other similar parts, has not been reliable. Computers R Us has also experienced problems in parts unavailability for some computers, yet there is an overabundance of other stock items. Taking the recent phone logs of the company into consideration, there is no way to know whether there is a common cause, if they are representative, or the implications they may have on customer satisfaction. To find a solution to these issues, the companys management requires information on the customer service effectiveness and the impact on the satisfaction by the customers to determine the proper and necessary measures to be taken to improve the divisions productivity ("customer service and support skills training guide, references, standards, principles, call-centre management, call-centre training ideas", 2017). Solution To solve these problems, the Customer Service division in Computers R Us has to implement new standards, which will ensure each employee falls in line and thus act professionally to ensure customer satisfaction. The new standards will entail a code of practice for the Customer Service personnel aimed at ensuring the most significant service delivery elements are adhered to according to customers. These elements will include courtesy, timeliness, appearance, ease of doing business, quality and efficiency, and problem-solving. Implementing new standards will increase focus and professionalism of the Customer Service staff and enhance their productivity towards customer care ultimately. The staff will learn to respect their customers wishes and behave in an appropriate manner when addressing them. In turn, the kind of service given to customers will grow in terms of quality through improved communication skills. Customers, on the other hand, will get served with no delays whatsoever, and if any, proper communication will follow (Kotter, and Schlesinger, 2014). Communicating and Educating the Customer Service Team The Customer Service team leader together with the team, have limited training in customer service that can hinder growth in terms of customer satisfaction. However, due to the problems faced in the customer service department, there is a need for a new standard that would be of great assistance in resolving the related issues. Implementation of the New Plan and in What Time Frame To implement the solution, the manager, whose other role is a team leader, will be made aware of the new standard given that his or her role is ensuring that all the requirements are met and achieved as per expectations. Secondly, the supervisors will be brought on board given their role of managing employees and information on behalf of the manager while overseeing the new standard being implemented. The supervisors will ensure that even the lowest ranking employees in the Customer Service division are engaged in the evaluation of the new standard. In addition to their role, supervisors have to make sure that the new code of practice standard is effected to produce the outcome anticipated. Implementing the new standard will be effective within three months considering training programs the Customer Service personnel will have to undergo (Ratcheva, 2017). Environmental Scan According to the study that was conducted in Computers R Us, several complaints were raised by customers in regards to the companys services. Being the case, there is an existing need to address their issues that will, in turn, facilitate the retention of customers, increase related sales, and increase the number of referrals from the customers (Murphy Cerqua, 2012). Taking this into consideration, the company plans to implement new standards aimed at increasing the nature of service delivery amongst customers as well as guarantee them the satisfaction of the services provided. The team manager will work with the supervisor to ensure that the new standard set operates efficiently and effectively, with no problems pertaining service delivery and customer satisfaction (Griffith, 2013). According to Kotter, and Schlesinger, (2014), communication will take on a different dimension aimed at letting its customers blend for the benefit of the team members. Formal written or spoken communication will happen through the team manager, who doubles as the manager. Holding staff meetings can take the center stage when delivering crucial milestones concerning service delivery and customer satisfaction. Lastly, the firm may engage the customers and staff concerning the quality of services provided. Anchoring Changes in Organization Culture Computers R Us can implement the new standards and codes of practice through the use of lean structure, whereby the customer service personnel become the first people to take on and practice the system. The staff, manager, and supervisors each have given mandates that they all ought to meet and adhere to during their engagement with the customers (Ratcheva, 2017). Monitoring the Delivery of Services and Products to Ensure Effective Quality Standards To monitor the delivery of services and products to ensure they effectively meet agreed quality standards, the company will constantly assess the way the new standards are both embraced and practiced in relation to the responses given by the customers and staff. In this case, the diffusion theory will apply towards letting the new set standard grow and get understood by all members of the company and particularly the customer care staff (Mahajan, 1985). Planning and Implementing Team Activities Ensuring Customer Needs and Expectations are Met Regardless of the amount of time and effort used in training the staff, the implemented new standard will be of great value to the company. The company will regularly check the flow of the communication skills as practiced for inefficiencies and ascertain if workers are putting into practice all the necessary training they have undergone. The report gathered before the new standard was implemented will be compared with the present report to help the management measure and know the areas that require necessary adjustments to be made (Grigoroudis Siskos, 2009). Resources Required for the Implementation of the New Standards The resources required to undertake team tasks to meet required team customer service levels include training programs, time, and money. This is because there are costs that will be incurred during the time spent in training the Customer Service personnel. Conclusion In conclusion, Computer R Us will be at better position to serve their customers better providing them with the satisfaction that they need thus retaining them. Additionally, the company will be more effective and efficient as they will be able to increase their sales and get more referrals considering they will be providing their customers with satisfactory services. References Businessballs.com (2017). Customer service and support skills training guide, references, standards, principles, call-centre management, call-centre training ideas. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.businessballs.com/customer_service.htm Grigoroudis, E., Siskos, Y. (2009).Customer satisfaction evaluation: methods for measuring and implementing service quality(Vol. 139). Springer Science Business Media. Griffith, S. (2013).Implement Customer Service Standards in the Business Services Training Package(1st ed.). Australia. Kotter, J. P., Schlesinger, L. A. (2014). Choosing Strategies for Change. Harvard Business Review, 86(7), 1-14. Mahajan, V. (1985).Innovation diffusion. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Murphy, S. Cerqua, J. (2012). Implementing the Customer Contact Center: An Opportunity to Create a Valid Measurement System for Assessing and Improving a Library's Telephone Services.Portal: Libraries And The Academy,12(3), 299-314. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pla.2012.0031 Ratcheva, V. (2017). Integrating Diverse Knowledge Through Boundary Spanning Processes - The case of multidisciplinary project teams. International Journal of Project Management, 27, 206-215. Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L. (1990).Delivering quality service: Balancing customer perceptions and expectations. Simon and Schuster.

Operation Phantom Fury

Introduction The second battle of Fallujah was â€Å"code named† Operation Phantom Fury or Operation Al-Fjr. This war involved American, British and Iraqi states in November and December, 2004 in Fallujah, Iraq. The war of Fallujah was reported to have been the worst in the history of the US due to the nature of armory used, loss of human lives and destruction of physical infrastructure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle of Fallujah was fought solely against insurgents and militia rather than the forces of Sadam’s regime. This war’s aim was to put an end to the control of the city of Fallujah by enemy insurgents and also to capture the leader of insurgents, Abu Musab Al- Zarqawi (Ross n.d)i. The unified army realized success in the battle field due to the wise and skilled leadership of Ric hard Natonski who was head of the United States Marine Corps. LTG Richard Natonski was a retired veteran who specialized in war tactics especially those used in the Middle East by Arab militia and insurgents. His expertise and knowledge provided the techniques necessary for the winning of the bloody second war of Fallujah. His techniques in war enable him to gather intelligence information of what the enemies were planning to do including the nature of their preparations. The first battle of Fallujah had been waged in April, 2004 to eliminate the insurgent elements that had killed the Black Water Security team and also reclaim Fallujah from the control of enemy combatants. The state of Iraq wanted the city of Fallujah to be controlled by the citizens of Iraq. The war ended but the civilians of Iraq were not successful in keeping the insurgents away. By September, the number of insurgents had grown to five thousand and the city was once put under militia control. (Karon n.d)ii.The co mbat tactics used in the first war were successful but they did not ensure the control of the city. The decisions made during the first war of Fallujah made the city even more vulnerable to insurgents and within a short period, insurgents had secured the city again. The decisive tactical decisions made by LTG Natonski ensured that the insurgents were permanently eliminated and the city was recaptured and maintained by the coalition forces.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thesis statement A significant correlation exists between effective and efficient war strategies and positive outcomes which include winning a war as evidenced by the techniques employed General Natonski in the war of Fallujah. Analysis of lieutenant General Natonski’s performance in the winning of The Second War of Fallujah LTG Richard Natonski had served in the military since 1973. He was appointed as an observer in the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in the Middle East. He served as a commander of the Marine Expedition Unit in Kuwait. He was the commander of the 2nd Marine Expedition Brigade in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and fought in the Battle of Nasiriyah in 2003. These deployments into the Middle East gave him a clear interpretation of the combat tactics employed by Arab insurgents. This fact made him learn their strengths and weaknesses and how to take advantage of the enemies’ weaknesses. Natonski had also learnt new combat tactics that he could use in war to conquer and out do the techniques employed by the insurgents (Ross n.d)iii . LTG Natonski used a combat diversion tactic that distracted the insurgents from a coordinated attack. One of the battalion troops, Regimental Combat Teams (RCT) 1 had settled in the North of the city of Fallujah and this gave the enemy combatants and jihadist fighters an impression that the coalition forces were p lanning an imminent attack from the South. The other troops surrounded the city with the assistance of the Black Watch Battalion. The rest of the battalions attacked the city of Fallujah from the West and North where they captured and secured the villages along the River Euphrates and also the Jurf Kas Sukr Bridge. This distraction combat technique was commanded by the LTG Nantonski. He knew that the insurgents had fully prepared for the battle from the North therefore exposing their other points of vulnerability. His intelligence was supported by use of overhead imagery and unmanned aerial vehicles that showed the training activities of the insurgents using live ammunitions and also the layout of their offensive and attack strategies. The LTG ordered the establishment of checkpoints to and from the city. This fact ensured that the insurgents would not flee but allowed the civilians to move out of the battle ground. The leaders of the insurgent militia including Abu Musab Al- Zarqaw i managed to escape even before the battle started. This fact however ensured that many of the insurgents would remain in the city of Fallujah. Males who had attained the â€Å"military age† who moved among the civilians as they evacuated were turned back. This aspect was executed to ensure that the insurgents would not escape.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The LTG’s mission was to deal with the insurgents so that in future, there would be no more insurgency in the area. This fact made it impossible for the militants to flee Fallujah ( Rick n.d)iv. The insurgents had grown in number and included foreign mujahedeen fighters who were Filipino, Chechen, Saudi, Iranian, Syrian, Libyan and the native Iraqis. They had sophisticated weapons like IEDs, booby traps and advanced small arms. They learnt the comba t tactics of the US military of securing roof tops and therefore, they built stairs made of bricks leading to the roofs and created paths into the kill zones. They had jersey barriers and dug trenches and tunnels as defensive techniques. All the strategies of the insurgents were however countered by the coalitions’ 13500 troops. The troops were better equipped and were accompanied by heavy cavalry; artillery, air, support, and armored battalions which had tanks and other light armored battle vehicles. The number of the troops was overwhelming to the insurgents and this number made it possible for the forces to surround the city and attack it from different directions (Rick n.d)v. The LTG also commanded air strikes and intense artillery barges as the first action during the first night of the battle. These strikes reorganized, confused and spoiled the battle strategies of the insurgents but gave the Six Army, marine and Iraqi battalion protection as they invaded and attacked t he city. The coalition had a platoon that provided reconnaissance and oversaw the operations to the end. This battle tactic made attacks by the coalition forces easier and the subsequent strategies by other military battalions ensured that the insurgents were totally subdued (Bellavia n.d)vi. The US military was known for the tactics of seizing the roof tops of high buildings so that it could gain a better view of their enemies (Schaepdrijver 2013, 13). This tactic was however not employed by the military although the enemy combatants had prepared for it and sealed all the stairwells by using bricks. This unpredictable tactic got the insurgents unaware and their preparations were derailed.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The coalition’s military arm later conducted a search in the city where they found hidden armory. They came across training sites that had literature and layouts of their combat operations, tactics and ambush sites. By securing these cache sites, the insurgents were cut off from the supply of weapons and ammunition (Lowry 2010, 27). The literature made the insurgents’ attacks, combat techniques and tactics more predictable and this gave the coalition forces time to prepare for their counter offensive. The battalions also attacked the main train station in the city of Fallujah. The train was used as a check point for enemies. Many of the foreign insurgents entered the city through the train stations and therefore, attacking the train stations would ensure that there would be no more reinforcements of the enemy combatants in the city and also the trapped insurgents would not also flee (Camp n.d)vii. The participation of the Iraqi forces and the improvement of the coaliti on forces by local Iraqi interpreters made it easier to identify locations of insurgent strongholds (Ricks 2007, 9). The Iraqi forces knew the terrain well and had knowledge of the strongholds of the insurgents and their fighting techniques and capabilities. The use of locals in the war made it easier since they provided information on the strengths and weak points of the insurgents. This fact gave the coalition forces an opportunity to develop a unique offensive tactic that would counter the enemy combatants and be successful. This aspect gave them a lot of insight and interpretation of the moves of the enemy combatants (Lowry n.d)viii . Certain civilians reported that the coalition forces used unusual weapons during the war. War analysts claimed that the coalition forces used white phosphorus and MK-77 bombs that were similar to napalm (Hopkins 2009, 15). These incendiary weapons proved to be versatile and destructive to the humanity and environment. They served as potent psycholo gical weapons that had harmful effects on the insurgents and were used to â€Å"flush them out† of their hideouts that included bunks, trenches and spider traps. This tactic of using unusual weapons actually put fear in the enemy combatants making it easier to capture them (Camp n.d)ix. All these decisive tactics employed by Nantonski led to the recapture of Fallujah. This aspect was necessitated by good leadership shown through the various ranks of the coalition forces. These commands came from LTG Richard Natonski. Outcome of the Second Battle of Fallujah The intensity of the fighting ended after nine days of battle which was the 13th of November. The coalition forces lost over a hundred soldiers and more than six hundred others survived but sustained gun wounds. The estimation of the enemy combatants killed varied since there was no accurate number of the total insurgents during the beginning of the war. Estimates showed that more than 1400 insurgents were killed and about 1300 of them were taken captive. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies also estimated that about 800 civilians were also killed in the process. The operation also displaced about 200,000 civilians who went to live elsewhere in Iraq (Ricks n.d)x. The Second Battle of Fallujah however proved to be less challenging than the kind of engagement that the coalition forces had been expecting. Most of the foreign combatants, mujahedeen fighters and jihad foreign fighters were believed to have fled the city of Fallujah before the commencement of the military assault along with the leaders of the militias leaving only the native Iraqi fighters behind. The mission’s objective was to kill or capture all enemy combatants so that future insurgency would not occur again. The insurgency included foreign fighters who ultimately fled and the local fighters were the ones who were killed and captured. The tactic of establishing checkpoints to ensure that the militants were trapped in the city was therefore not as effective as expected (Camp n.d)xi. Given that the war of Fallujah was considered as the most deadly and bloodiest combat in history, the number of deaths from both parties was expected to be higher than other battles ever fought. This aspect was however not experienced in the case of this battle. The coalition forces experienced a very small number of deaths than expected and this was possible due to the use of decisive tactics used in the offensive combat (Ricks n.d)xii. The mission command ensured minimum causalities from the coalitions’ forces but maximum destruction of the enemy combatants (Connolly 2013, 23). This fact however also led to destruction of infrastructure, loss of basic amenities like power and water and also civilians’ lives were lost. Conclusion Tactical combat by use of modern combat technologies both at sea, land and air and also the use of counter measures like traps and other explosives usually served to limit the extent o f force projection and aggression. The success of a battle or war was measured by the attainment of the battle’s objectives and sustainability of the intended goal (Bellavia 2008, 12). The significance of this analysis was to conceptualize tactical decisions and strategies that were employed in winning this war and the fact that the strategies can also be applied elsewhere if a similar situation may occur in future. The role played by LTG Richard Natonski in commanding the coalition battalions was vital because his knowledge of combat tactics and that of the insurgents in the Middle East made it easier for him to come up with tactics that could work to his advantage. In reality, the combat techniques used during the war by the coalition forces gave them an advantage over the insurgents. The war tactics that Nantonski used served to avert the loss of many lives of civilians and the military. The strategies helped in ending the war in a fast way because they were effective and efficient. The extent of the war did not cause a lot of damage to the infrastructure thanks to Nantonski’s familiarity with war techniques. The evaluation of the war of Fallujah shows that tactical advantage is better than deployment of massive military force. Bibliography Bellavia, David. House to House: A Tale of Modern War. New York City, USA: Pocket Books, 2008. Connolly, James. â€Å"Mauvaise Conduite: Complicity and compatibility in the occupied Nord, 1914-1918.†Journal of War Studies 4, no.1 (2013),  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19475020.2012.761382?journalCode=rfww20 . Hopkins, Burke. An Introduction to Criminological Theory (3rd ed), Gloucester, UK: Willan Publishing, 2009. Lowry, Richard. New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah. California, USA: Savas Beatie 2010. Ricks, Thomas. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. Westminster, UK: Penguin, 2007. Schaepdrijver, Sophie. â€Å"Military occupation, political imaginations, and the First W orld War.† Journal of World War Studies 4, no.1 (2013). Footnotes Ross Brian (@brianross) (24 September 2004). â€Å"Tracking Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi†. ABC News. Retrieved Karon, Tony (8 November 2004). â€Å"The Grim Calculation of Retaking Fallujah†. Time. Retrieved Ross i Ricks, Thomas E. (2007). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003–2005. Penguin. (2007). pp. 343–346. ISBN 0-14-303891-5 Refer to iv Bellavia, David House to House: A Tale of Modern War. Pocket Books (2008). p. 336. ISBN 1-84739-118-4 Dick Camp Operation Phantom Fury: The Assault and Capture of Fallujah, Iraq, (2009) (ISBN 978-0-7603-3698-4) Lowry, Richard S. New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah. Savas Beatie (2010). p. 20. ISBN 1-932714-77-4 Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Rick Thomas This research paper on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah was written and submitted by user Reece Wooten to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.