Criminology Essay Samples for Dummies

Criminology Essay Samples for Dummies How to Find Criminology Essay Samples Our content of criminology essays suggests the means by which the crimes are emerging in the modern world. As a consequence, a postmodern criminology perspective will probably arise. On the flip side, new theories, like the trait theory, which focused on psychological features of crime failed to take into account social facets. Among the big difficulties with classical criminology is it does not allow for extenuating circumstances. In criminology, examining why folks commit crime is essential in the continuing debate of how crime needs to be handled and prevented. Many students are facing the problem to get sufficient knowledge and data on the field of criminology. 14 Finally deviance may cause a social shift. The New Fuss About Criminology Essay Samples Control theories make a little bit more sense to me. '15 The Classical theory's major problem is the fact that it continually contradicts itself which contributes to various different troubles. In an effort to compare and assess the two, a succinct explanation is essential, as a way to understand just how they differ and combine on particular elements. You should find the most suitable resources for your essay along with patience when finding the most suitable inspiration to write. This essay is likely to end up being 300 to 600 words, so in case you pick solid examples and make sure you're very clear in your explanations of things, it won't difficult to reach. Media sensationalism may often be a catalyst for fear and panic. As stated by the theory, some crime could possibly be related to the presence of anger and frustration that is produced by societal or private strain. Political crimes are committed when folks think that violence is the sole means accessible to generate political shift. Top Criminology Essay Samples Choices For instance, the price of a persuasive essay will differ from a proposal essay. It's clear it is important to see the theories within crimi nology to comprehend what criminology is. If you do choose to employ a writer to do your essay that's best for you, you can see them writing it in real moment. What's crucial to highlight is that convict criminology is thought to be a controversial perspective. From that point, the crime and the individual in addition to witnesses have to be interview or interrogate. The Basics of Criminology Essay Samples Also, utilize all the scratch paper you require. When picking a high school essay format, step one is to spot the kind of essay you will need to write. The price generally fluctuates based on the essay type. Imagine the caliber of writing you'll receive from an affordable essay writing service. Disadvantages of choosing an affordable essay service Quality If you're opting for cheaper service, remember that it might not be up to the mark. Summary Hiring an inexpensive essay service may be a proper selection for students at one time crunch. The Most Popular Criminology Essay Samples Our reviews contain details like the score of the clients, our rating, starting prices, Discounts, and grade of the papers. Each sector of the application ought to be in tandem with your general objective. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to prevent low superior services. Once you opted to find a service that has the capability to write essay for money, you should upload the essential information and fill in the purchase form.

JJT Task 1 Social Responsibility - 4418 Words

1 JJT Task 1 – Social Responsibility Strategies 2 A small business, which shall be named for the purposes of this report SE Construction, will be reviewed in relationship to social responsibility in a business. In the corporate world this is called â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)†. Corporate Social Responsibility â€Å"generally refers to the idea that corporations have broader responsibilities to society than merely maximizing shareholder value. Corporate sustainability is a specific framework for defining those responsibilities. One can think of a sustainable business as one that generates profits for its owners, protects the environment, and improves the lives of the people with whom it interacts† (MindEdge Inc.,†¦show more content†¦Another benefit is creating a competitive advantage by passing on suggestions for value engineering and energy efficiency to future customers. From this assessment, the company can determine specific areas in company operations where the company can be environmentally responsible and set goals accordingly. This vision or code of conduct can then be passed on to the employees with expectations for participation and implementation. The second recommendation is that a waste management plan become part of the day to day operations of the company within the office and all construction activities on all projects. The company has been required to provide a waste management plan for two construction projects over the past 3 years. These plans included a recycling/reuse percentage goal for the project, a list of the types of materials and waste that would be generated by the project, what types of recycling, reuse, or disposal methods would be used and what vendors would be used to fulfill the waste management goals included in the plan. By implementing a waste management plan for all company operations the company isn’t just being socially responsible in this area due to a contractual requirement, the company is making a commitment to always be socially responsible by managing waste in an environmentally responsible manner. The plan preparation

Computers R Us Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Computers R Us Case Study ? Answer : Introduction Computers R Us is a National Electronics Company that manufactures and retails computers. The company deals with electronics devices such as computers among other electronics like phones and tablets. There are a variety of services that the firm provides including hardware and software installation, data recovery, replacement of different computer hardware parts, and installation of anti-virus. Recently, the company started a Customer Service division that has a pivotal role in ensuring that all orders are accurately recorded, goods are distributed to the correct address, and phones answered - including all customer orders being taken and the goods sold correctly invoiced. However, the new division is experiencing several problems that include the lack of trained technical staff, unavailability of some computer parts, and an unreliable courier service. As a result, there has been several complaints raised by customers against the kind of customer service they get (Zeithaml, Parasuraman, Berry, 1990). Based on the complaints, it is evident that Computers R Us are experiencing a shortage of technical operators who are trained in the customer service. Additionally, the courier contracted to deliver and pick up computers among other similar parts, has not been reliable. Computers R Us has also experienced problems in parts unavailability for some computers, yet there is an overabundance of other stock items. Taking the recent phone logs of the company into consideration, there is no way to know whether there is a common cause, if they are representative, or the implications they may have on customer satisfaction. To find a solution to these issues, the companys management requires information on the customer service effectiveness and the impact on the satisfaction by the customers to determine the proper and necessary measures to be taken to improve the divisions productivity ("customer service and support skills training guide, references, standards, principles, call-centre management, call-centre training ideas", 2017). Solution To solve these problems, the Customer Service division in Computers R Us has to implement new standards, which will ensure each employee falls in line and thus act professionally to ensure customer satisfaction. The new standards will entail a code of practice for the Customer Service personnel aimed at ensuring the most significant service delivery elements are adhered to according to customers. These elements will include courtesy, timeliness, appearance, ease of doing business, quality and efficiency, and problem-solving. Implementing new standards will increase focus and professionalism of the Customer Service staff and enhance their productivity towards customer care ultimately. The staff will learn to respect their customers wishes and behave in an appropriate manner when addressing them. In turn, the kind of service given to customers will grow in terms of quality through improved communication skills. Customers, on the other hand, will get served with no delays whatsoever, and if any, proper communication will follow (Kotter, and Schlesinger, 2014). Communicating and Educating the Customer Service Team The Customer Service team leader together with the team, have limited training in customer service that can hinder growth in terms of customer satisfaction. However, due to the problems faced in the customer service department, there is a need for a new standard that would be of great assistance in resolving the related issues. Implementation of the New Plan and in What Time Frame To implement the solution, the manager, whose other role is a team leader, will be made aware of the new standard given that his or her role is ensuring that all the requirements are met and achieved as per expectations. Secondly, the supervisors will be brought on board given their role of managing employees and information on behalf of the manager while overseeing the new standard being implemented. The supervisors will ensure that even the lowest ranking employees in the Customer Service division are engaged in the evaluation of the new standard. In addition to their role, supervisors have to make sure that the new code of practice standard is effected to produce the outcome anticipated. Implementing the new standard will be effective within three months considering training programs the Customer Service personnel will have to undergo (Ratcheva, 2017). Environmental Scan According to the study that was conducted in Computers R Us, several complaints were raised by customers in regards to the companys services. Being the case, there is an existing need to address their issues that will, in turn, facilitate the retention of customers, increase related sales, and increase the number of referrals from the customers (Murphy Cerqua, 2012). Taking this into consideration, the company plans to implement new standards aimed at increasing the nature of service delivery amongst customers as well as guarantee them the satisfaction of the services provided. The team manager will work with the supervisor to ensure that the new standard set operates efficiently and effectively, with no problems pertaining service delivery and customer satisfaction (Griffith, 2013). According to Kotter, and Schlesinger, (2014), communication will take on a different dimension aimed at letting its customers blend for the benefit of the team members. Formal written or spoken communication will happen through the team manager, who doubles as the manager. Holding staff meetings can take the center stage when delivering crucial milestones concerning service delivery and customer satisfaction. Lastly, the firm may engage the customers and staff concerning the quality of services provided. Anchoring Changes in Organization Culture Computers R Us can implement the new standards and codes of practice through the use of lean structure, whereby the customer service personnel become the first people to take on and practice the system. The staff, manager, and supervisors each have given mandates that they all ought to meet and adhere to during their engagement with the customers (Ratcheva, 2017). Monitoring the Delivery of Services and Products to Ensure Effective Quality Standards To monitor the delivery of services and products to ensure they effectively meet agreed quality standards, the company will constantly assess the way the new standards are both embraced and practiced in relation to the responses given by the customers and staff. In this case, the diffusion theory will apply towards letting the new set standard grow and get understood by all members of the company and particularly the customer care staff (Mahajan, 1985). Planning and Implementing Team Activities Ensuring Customer Needs and Expectations are Met Regardless of the amount of time and effort used in training the staff, the implemented new standard will be of great value to the company. The company will regularly check the flow of the communication skills as practiced for inefficiencies and ascertain if workers are putting into practice all the necessary training they have undergone. The report gathered before the new standard was implemented will be compared with the present report to help the management measure and know the areas that require necessary adjustments to be made (Grigoroudis Siskos, 2009). Resources Required for the Implementation of the New Standards The resources required to undertake team tasks to meet required team customer service levels include training programs, time, and money. This is because there are costs that will be incurred during the time spent in training the Customer Service personnel. Conclusion In conclusion, Computer R Us will be at better position to serve their customers better providing them with the satisfaction that they need thus retaining them. Additionally, the company will be more effective and efficient as they will be able to increase their sales and get more referrals considering they will be providing their customers with satisfactory services. References Businessballs.com (2017). Customer service and support skills training guide, references, standards, principles, call-centre management, call-centre training ideas. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.businessballs.com/customer_service.htm Grigoroudis, E., Siskos, Y. (2009).Customer satisfaction evaluation: methods for measuring and implementing service quality(Vol. 139). Springer Science Business Media. Griffith, S. (2013).Implement Customer Service Standards in the Business Services Training Package(1st ed.). Australia. Kotter, J. P., Schlesinger, L. A. (2014). Choosing Strategies for Change. Harvard Business Review, 86(7), 1-14. Mahajan, V. (1985).Innovation diffusion. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Murphy, S. Cerqua, J. (2012). Implementing the Customer Contact Center: An Opportunity to Create a Valid Measurement System for Assessing and Improving a Library's Telephone Services.Portal: Libraries And The Academy,12(3), 299-314. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pla.2012.0031 Ratcheva, V. (2017). Integrating Diverse Knowledge Through Boundary Spanning Processes - The case of multidisciplinary project teams. International Journal of Project Management, 27, 206-215. Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L. (1990).Delivering quality service: Balancing customer perceptions and expectations. Simon and Schuster.

Operation Phantom Fury

Introduction The second battle of Fallujah was â€Å"code named† Operation Phantom Fury or Operation Al-Fjr. This war involved American, British and Iraqi states in November and December, 2004 in Fallujah, Iraq. The war of Fallujah was reported to have been the worst in the history of the US due to the nature of armory used, loss of human lives and destruction of physical infrastructure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle of Fallujah was fought solely against insurgents and militia rather than the forces of Sadam’s regime. This war’s aim was to put an end to the control of the city of Fallujah by enemy insurgents and also to capture the leader of insurgents, Abu Musab Al- Zarqawi (Ross n.d)i. The unified army realized success in the battle field due to the wise and skilled leadership of Ric hard Natonski who was head of the United States Marine Corps. LTG Richard Natonski was a retired veteran who specialized in war tactics especially those used in the Middle East by Arab militia and insurgents. His expertise and knowledge provided the techniques necessary for the winning of the bloody second war of Fallujah. His techniques in war enable him to gather intelligence information of what the enemies were planning to do including the nature of their preparations. The first battle of Fallujah had been waged in April, 2004 to eliminate the insurgent elements that had killed the Black Water Security team and also reclaim Fallujah from the control of enemy combatants. The state of Iraq wanted the city of Fallujah to be controlled by the citizens of Iraq. The war ended but the civilians of Iraq were not successful in keeping the insurgents away. By September, the number of insurgents had grown to five thousand and the city was once put under militia control. (Karon n.d)ii.The co mbat tactics used in the first war were successful but they did not ensure the control of the city. The decisions made during the first war of Fallujah made the city even more vulnerable to insurgents and within a short period, insurgents had secured the city again. The decisive tactical decisions made by LTG Natonski ensured that the insurgents were permanently eliminated and the city was recaptured and maintained by the coalition forces.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thesis statement A significant correlation exists between effective and efficient war strategies and positive outcomes which include winning a war as evidenced by the techniques employed General Natonski in the war of Fallujah. Analysis of lieutenant General Natonski’s performance in the winning of The Second War of Fallujah LTG Richard Natonski had served in the military since 1973. He was appointed as an observer in the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in the Middle East. He served as a commander of the Marine Expedition Unit in Kuwait. He was the commander of the 2nd Marine Expedition Brigade in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and fought in the Battle of Nasiriyah in 2003. These deployments into the Middle East gave him a clear interpretation of the combat tactics employed by Arab insurgents. This fact made him learn their strengths and weaknesses and how to take advantage of the enemies’ weaknesses. Natonski had also learnt new combat tactics that he could use in war to conquer and out do the techniques employed by the insurgents (Ross n.d)iii . LTG Natonski used a combat diversion tactic that distracted the insurgents from a coordinated attack. One of the battalion troops, Regimental Combat Teams (RCT) 1 had settled in the North of the city of Fallujah and this gave the enemy combatants and jihadist fighters an impression that the coalition forces were p lanning an imminent attack from the South. The other troops surrounded the city with the assistance of the Black Watch Battalion. The rest of the battalions attacked the city of Fallujah from the West and North where they captured and secured the villages along the River Euphrates and also the Jurf Kas Sukr Bridge. This distraction combat technique was commanded by the LTG Nantonski. He knew that the insurgents had fully prepared for the battle from the North therefore exposing their other points of vulnerability. His intelligence was supported by use of overhead imagery and unmanned aerial vehicles that showed the training activities of the insurgents using live ammunitions and also the layout of their offensive and attack strategies. The LTG ordered the establishment of checkpoints to and from the city. This fact ensured that the insurgents would not flee but allowed the civilians to move out of the battle ground. The leaders of the insurgent militia including Abu Musab Al- Zarqaw i managed to escape even before the battle started. This fact however ensured that many of the insurgents would remain in the city of Fallujah. Males who had attained the â€Å"military age† who moved among the civilians as they evacuated were turned back. This aspect was executed to ensure that the insurgents would not escape.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The LTG’s mission was to deal with the insurgents so that in future, there would be no more insurgency in the area. This fact made it impossible for the militants to flee Fallujah ( Rick n.d)iv. The insurgents had grown in number and included foreign mujahedeen fighters who were Filipino, Chechen, Saudi, Iranian, Syrian, Libyan and the native Iraqis. They had sophisticated weapons like IEDs, booby traps and advanced small arms. They learnt the comba t tactics of the US military of securing roof tops and therefore, they built stairs made of bricks leading to the roofs and created paths into the kill zones. They had jersey barriers and dug trenches and tunnels as defensive techniques. All the strategies of the insurgents were however countered by the coalitions’ 13500 troops. The troops were better equipped and were accompanied by heavy cavalry; artillery, air, support, and armored battalions which had tanks and other light armored battle vehicles. The number of the troops was overwhelming to the insurgents and this number made it possible for the forces to surround the city and attack it from different directions (Rick n.d)v. The LTG also commanded air strikes and intense artillery barges as the first action during the first night of the battle. These strikes reorganized, confused and spoiled the battle strategies of the insurgents but gave the Six Army, marine and Iraqi battalion protection as they invaded and attacked t he city. The coalition had a platoon that provided reconnaissance and oversaw the operations to the end. This battle tactic made attacks by the coalition forces easier and the subsequent strategies by other military battalions ensured that the insurgents were totally subdued (Bellavia n.d)vi. The US military was known for the tactics of seizing the roof tops of high buildings so that it could gain a better view of their enemies (Schaepdrijver 2013, 13). This tactic was however not employed by the military although the enemy combatants had prepared for it and sealed all the stairwells by using bricks. This unpredictable tactic got the insurgents unaware and their preparations were derailed.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The coalition’s military arm later conducted a search in the city where they found hidden armory. They came across training sites that had literature and layouts of their combat operations, tactics and ambush sites. By securing these cache sites, the insurgents were cut off from the supply of weapons and ammunition (Lowry 2010, 27). The literature made the insurgents’ attacks, combat techniques and tactics more predictable and this gave the coalition forces time to prepare for their counter offensive. The battalions also attacked the main train station in the city of Fallujah. The train was used as a check point for enemies. Many of the foreign insurgents entered the city through the train stations and therefore, attacking the train stations would ensure that there would be no more reinforcements of the enemy combatants in the city and also the trapped insurgents would not also flee (Camp n.d)vii. The participation of the Iraqi forces and the improvement of the coaliti on forces by local Iraqi interpreters made it easier to identify locations of insurgent strongholds (Ricks 2007, 9). The Iraqi forces knew the terrain well and had knowledge of the strongholds of the insurgents and their fighting techniques and capabilities. The use of locals in the war made it easier since they provided information on the strengths and weak points of the insurgents. This fact gave the coalition forces an opportunity to develop a unique offensive tactic that would counter the enemy combatants and be successful. This aspect gave them a lot of insight and interpretation of the moves of the enemy combatants (Lowry n.d)viii . Certain civilians reported that the coalition forces used unusual weapons during the war. War analysts claimed that the coalition forces used white phosphorus and MK-77 bombs that were similar to napalm (Hopkins 2009, 15). These incendiary weapons proved to be versatile and destructive to the humanity and environment. They served as potent psycholo gical weapons that had harmful effects on the insurgents and were used to â€Å"flush them out† of their hideouts that included bunks, trenches and spider traps. This tactic of using unusual weapons actually put fear in the enemy combatants making it easier to capture them (Camp n.d)ix. All these decisive tactics employed by Nantonski led to the recapture of Fallujah. This aspect was necessitated by good leadership shown through the various ranks of the coalition forces. These commands came from LTG Richard Natonski. Outcome of the Second Battle of Fallujah The intensity of the fighting ended after nine days of battle which was the 13th of November. The coalition forces lost over a hundred soldiers and more than six hundred others survived but sustained gun wounds. The estimation of the enemy combatants killed varied since there was no accurate number of the total insurgents during the beginning of the war. Estimates showed that more than 1400 insurgents were killed and about 1300 of them were taken captive. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies also estimated that about 800 civilians were also killed in the process. The operation also displaced about 200,000 civilians who went to live elsewhere in Iraq (Ricks n.d)x. The Second Battle of Fallujah however proved to be less challenging than the kind of engagement that the coalition forces had been expecting. Most of the foreign combatants, mujahedeen fighters and jihad foreign fighters were believed to have fled the city of Fallujah before the commencement of the military assault along with the leaders of the militias leaving only the native Iraqi fighters behind. The mission’s objective was to kill or capture all enemy combatants so that future insurgency would not occur again. The insurgency included foreign fighters who ultimately fled and the local fighters were the ones who were killed and captured. The tactic of establishing checkpoints to ensure that the militants were trapped in the city was therefore not as effective as expected (Camp n.d)xi. Given that the war of Fallujah was considered as the most deadly and bloodiest combat in history, the number of deaths from both parties was expected to be higher than other battles ever fought. This aspect was however not experienced in the case of this battle. The coalition forces experienced a very small number of deaths than expected and this was possible due to the use of decisive tactics used in the offensive combat (Ricks n.d)xii. The mission command ensured minimum causalities from the coalitions’ forces but maximum destruction of the enemy combatants (Connolly 2013, 23). This fact however also led to destruction of infrastructure, loss of basic amenities like power and water and also civilians’ lives were lost. Conclusion Tactical combat by use of modern combat technologies both at sea, land and air and also the use of counter measures like traps and other explosives usually served to limit the extent o f force projection and aggression. The success of a battle or war was measured by the attainment of the battle’s objectives and sustainability of the intended goal (Bellavia 2008, 12). The significance of this analysis was to conceptualize tactical decisions and strategies that were employed in winning this war and the fact that the strategies can also be applied elsewhere if a similar situation may occur in future. The role played by LTG Richard Natonski in commanding the coalition battalions was vital because his knowledge of combat tactics and that of the insurgents in the Middle East made it easier for him to come up with tactics that could work to his advantage. In reality, the combat techniques used during the war by the coalition forces gave them an advantage over the insurgents. The war tactics that Nantonski used served to avert the loss of many lives of civilians and the military. The strategies helped in ending the war in a fast way because they were effective and efficient. The extent of the war did not cause a lot of damage to the infrastructure thanks to Nantonski’s familiarity with war techniques. The evaluation of the war of Fallujah shows that tactical advantage is better than deployment of massive military force. Bibliography Bellavia, David. House to House: A Tale of Modern War. New York City, USA: Pocket Books, 2008. Connolly, James. â€Å"Mauvaise Conduite: Complicity and compatibility in the occupied Nord, 1914-1918.†Journal of War Studies 4, no.1 (2013),  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19475020.2012.761382?journalCode=rfww20 . Hopkins, Burke. An Introduction to Criminological Theory (3rd ed), Gloucester, UK: Willan Publishing, 2009. Lowry, Richard. New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah. California, USA: Savas Beatie 2010. Ricks, Thomas. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. Westminster, UK: Penguin, 2007. Schaepdrijver, Sophie. â€Å"Military occupation, political imaginations, and the First W orld War.† Journal of World War Studies 4, no.1 (2013). Footnotes Ross Brian (@brianross) (24 September 2004). â€Å"Tracking Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi†. ABC News. Retrieved Karon, Tony (8 November 2004). â€Å"The Grim Calculation of Retaking Fallujah†. Time. Retrieved Ross i Ricks, Thomas E. (2007). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003–2005. Penguin. (2007). pp. 343–346. ISBN 0-14-303891-5 Refer to iv Bellavia, David House to House: A Tale of Modern War. Pocket Books (2008). p. 336. ISBN 1-84739-118-4 Dick Camp Operation Phantom Fury: The Assault and Capture of Fallujah, Iraq, (2009) (ISBN 978-0-7603-3698-4) Lowry, Richard S. New Dawn: The Battles for Fallujah. Savas Beatie (2010). p. 20. ISBN 1-932714-77-4 Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Dick Camp Refer to Rick Thomas This research paper on Operation Phantom Fury- the Second Battle of Fallujah was written and submitted by user Reece Wooten to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

French and Latin Diplomatic Terms

French and Latin Diplomatic Terms French and Latin Diplomatic Terms French and Latin Diplomatic Terms By Mark Nichol For hundreds of years, France was a world power militarily, economically, and culturally, and thus its language became the political, well, lingua franca. Although the nation is no longer a superpower (yet influential in world affairs), the French language is still well represented in the vocabulary of diplomacy- as is its precursor, Latin. This post lists and defines words adopted directly from French (and Latin) into diplomatic discourse, now dominated by English. (Each term is followed by an English translation. Latin terms are designated with the abbreviation L.; all other terms are from French.) Acte final (â€Å"final act†): A formal statement summarizing the results of a conference between representatives of two or more nations. Agrà ©ment (â€Å"agreement†): Approval by a nation’s government of a proposed new ambassador or other diplomat to represent another nation’s interest in the first nation before the diplomat is appointed Aide mà ©moire (â€Å"memory aid†): A summary of key points of an official conversation between representatives of two nations, prepared by one party and submitted to the other at the end of the meeting or at a later time to aid memory. Alternat (â€Å"alternate†): The principle that when two or more nations enter into an agreement, each nation’s official designation will be listed first on its respective copy of the agreement when copies are distributed to representatives of each nation. Ambassador extraordinary and ambassador plenipotentiary: These phrases are alterations of, rather than direct borrowings from, French, but the syntax of compound nouns consisting of postpositive adjectives (in which an adjective that further specifies a noun follows the noun) is an artifact of French. (Other examples include â€Å"attorney general.†) Attachà © (â€Å"attached†): Any of several various officers in an embassy, including one or more attachà ©s representing the military branches of the nation represented by the embassy; professional specialists known as, for example, the cultural attachà ©; or junior ambassadorial officers. Also, part of the phrase â€Å"attachà © case,† denoting a type of briefcase, originally used by such officers to carry documents, that became popular for general use. Bout de papier (â€Å"piece of paper†): A document for conveying information between an embassy and the government of the host nation that is more informal than an aide memoire or a memorandum. Chargà © d’affaires, a.i. (â€Å"in charge of business in the interim†): Originally, without the abbreviation (for â€Å"ad interim†), the designation for an embassy official ranking below an ambassador or a minister; now, with the abbreviation, the term for an official substituting for the ambassador in his or her absence. Communiquà © (â€Å"communication†): A carefully managed and innocuous public statement summarizing the result of a meeting between representatives of two or more nations. By extension, a synonym, in general usage, for bulletin. Concordat (â€Å"agreement†): An agreement between one or more nations and the Vatican. Consul (L., â€Å"one who consults†): Any one of various officials, subordinate to an ambassador, who represents a nation’s political and economic interests in a major city of another nation and supports the interests of other citizens of his or her nation who are visiting, or living in, the host nation. The office of a consul is a consulate, a lower-ranking official is a vice consul, and an honorary consul is a citizen of a host nation appointed by another nation to represent its interests in the absence of a consulate and its officials. During the time of the Roman Republic, and briefly in France following the French Revolution, the term denoted one of two (in Rome) or three (in France) chief magistrates who led the government. Demarchà © (â€Å"walk†): An official overture by an ambassadorial diplomat to representatives of a host nation about a matter of concern to the diplomat’s nation, usually made in conjunction with a request for action or a decision on the part of the host nation. The term derives from the notion of the diplomat walking to the office of a host nation’s representative to discuss the matter in question. Dà ©tente (â€Å"relaxation†): An easing of tension between nations. Entente (â€Å"understanding†): A relationship between two or more nations with similar interests or objectives, resulting in an oral or written agreement less formal than a treaty (from the phrase â€Å"entente cordial,† or â€Å"friendly understanding†). By extension, the term also denotes a coalition of parties to such a relationship. Exequatur (L., â€Å"let him perform†): a document issued by the government of a host nation that authorizes a consul to perform his or her duties in that nation. Ex gracia (L., â€Å"by grace†): An action performed as a gesture of goodwill rather than an obligation. Modus vivendi (L., â€Å"manner of living†): A temporary interim written agreement composed as a record that stands until the final document is completed. In general usage, denotes a practical compromise or a way of life. Persona non grata (L., â€Å"unacceptable person†): A person from another nation that the government of a host nation considers unacceptable or unwelcome. By extension in general usage, any such person in a social situation. Rapporteur (â€Å"reporter†): A representative of a committee or a subcommittee responsible for preparing a summary of its proceedings. Rapprochement (â€Å"a bringing together†): Establishment of improved relations between two nations. By extension in general usage, any such reconciliation between any two parties. Tour d’horizon (â€Å"overview†): A general discussion between diplomats of different nations about topics that concern both or all nations. Ultimatum (L., â€Å"final†): A final statement of position issued by representatives of one nation’s government to another, sometimes as a preliminary to a declaration of war. By extension in general usage, any statement by one party to another expressing a demand that will, if not met, result in stated or implied consequences. Visa (L., â€Å"seen†): A document authorizing a citizen of one nation temporary or permanent residence in another nation. Also, the following abbreviations are employed in social correspondence between diplomats and representatives of a host nation as shorthand for various sentiments: P.C.: â€Å"pour condoler† (â€Å"for sympathy†) P.F.: â€Å"pour fà ©liciter† (â€Å"for congratulations†) P.M.: â€Å"pour memoire† (â€Å"for a reminder†) P.P.: â€Å"pour presenter† (â€Å"for introduction†) P.P.C.: â€Å"pour prendre congà ©Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"for taking leave†) P.R.: â€Å"pour remercier† (â€Å"for thanks†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Language8 Writing Tips for Beginners10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

The Difference Between an Embassy and a Consulate

The Difference Between an Embassy and a Consulate Due to the high level of interaction between countries in our interconnected world of today, diplomatic offices, such as embassies and consulates, are needed in each country to aid in and allow such interactions to occur. Ambassadors are their countrys government representatives abroad in matters between the two countries. These offices also provide services for potential emigrants and international travelers. Although the terms embassy and consulate are often used interchangeably, the two are different. Definition of an Embassy An embassy is larger and more important than a consulate and is described as a permanent diplomatic mission, which is generally located in a countrys capital city. For example, the United States Embassy in Canada is located in Ottawa, Ontario. Capital cities such as Ottawa, Washington, D.C., and London are home to nearly 200 embassies each. An embassy is responsible for representing the home country, for handling major diplomatic issues (such as negotiations), and for preserving the rights of its citizens abroad. The ambassador is the highest official in the embassy and acts as the chief diplomat and spokesperson for the home government. Ambassadors are typically appointed by the highest level of the home government. In the United States, ambassadors are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Usually, if a country recognizes another as being sovereign, an embassy is established to maintain foreign relations and provide assistance to traveling citizens. Embassy vs Consulate By contrast, a consulate is a smaller version of an embassy and is generally located in the larger tourist cities of a country, but not the capital. In Germany, for instance, the U.S. consulates are in cities such as Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Munich, but not in the capital city of Berlin. The embassy is located in Berlin. Consulates (and their chief diplomat, the consul) handle minor diplomatic issues such as issuing visas, aiding in trade relationships, and taking care of migrants, tourists, and expatriates. In addition, the United States has Virtual Presence Posts (VPPs) to assist people around the world in learning about the United States and the areas in which the VPP is focused. These were created so that the United States could have a presence in important areas without physically being there. The areas with the VPPs do not have permanent offices and staff and are run from other embassies. Some examples of VPPs include the VPP Santa Cruz in Bolivia, the VPP Nunavut in Canada, and the VPP Chelyabinsk in Russia. There are about 50 VPPs worldwide. Special Cases Though it might sound simple that consulates are in larger tourist cities and embassies are in capital cities, this is not the case with every instance in the world. Jerusalem One such unique case is Jerusalem. Though it is the capital and largest city in Israel, no country had its embassy there until President Donald Trump decided to move the U.S. Embassy there in 2018. Instead, most of Israels embassies are in Tel Aviv because most of the international community does not recognize Jerusalem as the capital. Tel Aviv is identified as the capital because it was the temporary capital of Israel during the Arab blockade of Jerusalem in 1948. Jerusalem remains home to many consulates. Taiwan Few countries have an official embassy in Taiwan to establish representation due to the uncertainty of Taiwans political status with regard to mainland China, the Peoples Republic of China. As such, the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries do not recognize Taiwan as independent because it is claimed by the PRC. Instead, the United States and the United Kingdom have unofficial representative offices in Taipei that can handle matters such as issuing visas and passports, providing assistance to foreign citizens, trade, and maintaining cultural and economic relationships. The American Institute in Taiwan is the private organization representing the United States in Taiwan, and the British Trade and Cultural Office fulfills the same mission for the United Kingdom there. Kosovo Not every foreign country recognizes Kosovo as independent (as of late 2017, 114 do), and just 22 have established embassies in its capital of Pristina. There are several other consulates and other diplomatic posts in the country as well. It has 26 embassies abroad and 14 consulates. Former British Empire The member countries of the Commonwealth of Nations (mostly former British territories) do not exchange ambassadors but instead, use the office of high commissioner between member countries. Mexican Consulates Mexico is distinct in that its consulates are not all confined to large tourist cities, as is the case with the consulates of many other countries. For example, although there are consulates in the small border towns of Douglas and Nogales, Arizona, and Calexico, California, there are also many consulates in cities farther from the border, such as Omaha, Nebraska. In the United States and Canada, there are currently 57 Mexican consulates. The Mexican Embassies are located in Washington, D.C., and Ottawa. Countries Without U.S. Diplomatic Relations Though the United States has strong diplomatic ties to many foreign nations, there are four with which it does not currently work. These are Bhutan, Iran, Syria, and North Korea. For Bhutan, the two countries never established formal relations, and Syrian relations were suspended in 2012 after the war started there. However, the U.S. is able to maintain varying levels of informal contact with each of these nations by using its own embassies in nearby countries or through representation by other foreign governments. However foreign representation or diplomatic relationships occur, they are important in world politics for traveling citizens, as well as for the economic and cultural matters that result when two nations have such interactions.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Business Ethics - Essay Example Therefore, this approach, in contrast to good attitude to animals, makes human actions towards animals ethically grounded, disregarding each person’s own attitude or feelings towards animals. Singer’s position lacks sentiments and is well grounded using the principle of equality of rights. Having brains or consciousness is not a discriminatory factor for Singer, and it is quite clear for the scholar that we all have to take moral care of all animals and stop using their lives for our trivial goals. 2. · Pollan’s main point is that the basic problem of our society is industrial animal farming where animals are treated with disrespect and are caused a lot of suffering. His idea is to make the process of animal farming (including their slaughtering) â€Å"transparent† (figuratively or literally) – that is, allow animals to enjoy their lives and to slaughter them as mercifully as possible. This would make meat and dairy products more expensive of course, however humans would eat animals with respect and consciousness. Considering Singer’s argumentation, Pollan agrees with quite a lot of arguments, yet questions some others, and this seems to happen because according to Peter Singer, there are only two options for people eating meat: either to go vegetarian or to turn their heads away from the problem and close their eyes not seeing the animals suffering. That is why, the eventually discovered solution of farms â€Å"transparency† looms for Poll an the perfect moral option which would, on the one hand, ensure that the animals are treated nicely, and on the other – that the humans will be able to make their choice of eating or not eating their flesh with more consciousness. 3. I would not say Pollan abandons utilitarianism totally but his position is certainly not concentrated on utility as the main measure for morality and the basic criteria for